17c PAPER

17c PAPER 17c PAPER 4. If the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments guaranteed equal protection of the laws and the right to vote, why was a Civil Rights movement necessary in the 1950s and 1960s? What major factors and events led up to the Civil Rights movement and what were the gains and losses experienced by those participating in the movement? Gender and racial equality injustice in the United States against African Americans dates backs to long ago in the early colonization and building of the nation. After the Civil War, the United States underwent a Reconstruction Era in which the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments were added to the Constitution. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed African Americans equal protection under law and guaranteed him or her the right to vote but government authority lacked support and push to enforce these. The Civil Rights movement was necessary in order for African Americans to achieve equality within a white dominated society. Moreover, the Civil Rights movement served as a catalyst for African Americans to secure their political rights by gaining concrete legislation. Legislation in the Black community meant the support of both Congress and the President. African American perceived this support as a milestone because Congress and the President could enforce laws in favor of integration. African Americans viewed integration as the root to equality because integration meant that black citizens and white citizens would receive equal treatment and therefore the opportunity to pursue The Civil Rights movement was successful through political organizations, direct action protests and changing speeds at which presidents addressed inequality. During this time that dates back to the late 1800s, there was a lot of hostility in the South against the new politics and the Reconstruction providing opportunities for African Americans. Not all Southern Whites agreed with this and as a result, many angry men took part in horrifying acts such as lynching in great quantities. Founded as a way to defend African Americans that were tormented and a goal of actually securing constitutional rights identified in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People comes together in 1909. The NAACP was and is still a major component of Civil Rights today. When it formed, the NAACP was able to identify and show this mistreatment and injustice that African Americans received on a day-to-day basis under a society that this. This political organization began in the 1900s and it persevered on for many years with strong beliefs in equal treatment, justice and liberty for all races. The Civil Rights movement began to become recognized once again in the mid 1950s. Civil Rights activism was still present between this time and the 1900s but with the conflicts between the United States among Nations, it was not until the Post Cold War era that the fight for justice and equality for colored was reborn. The Civil Rights reawakening happened with the Brown vs. Board of Education challenged the segregated schools in the South and the goal with this case was to let the states understand that doing this to there children, separating them based on race and color was unconstitutional and resisting. With the Brown vs. Board of Education case, the African American community was able to take the White Southern views of segregation in the state of Kansas and challenge them in Supreme Court. This case challenged the idea of gradualism because although the Amendments that protected all under the same equality, prevous presidents had had the mentality of letting the segregation slowly fribble away but it was seen here that some this idea would not work. The NAACP political organization strongly supported this as it had also began to breakdown and identify the racism and segregation found in schools and the Brown vs. Board of Education case seemed to be a

Free Essays on MY Epiphany

â€Å"My Epiphany† In my sixteen years, I’ve heard the saying â€Å"the truth hurts† more times than I can count. I agree with this statement, for I believe my greatest moment of truth caused me the greatest pain. This is when I realized that my first love was my worst love. Unfortunately, it took a year and a half to become conscious of this. Almost two years of good times and bad times, then finally, the event that led to my realization. I must confess the good times were worth remembering. I met him through friends of friends, while hanging out. Soon, we were a couple and no one ever saw us apart. He was really great; he got along with my entire family and spent almost every single moment of his free time with me. We went out for a year and a half and then broke up for such a ridiculous reason that I can’t even evoke what it was now. Sadly, it seems so much easier to remember the bad times. The only bad thing, I can call to mind that he did while we were going out, was occasionally tell me that I needed to lose weight or try to change me physically. However, it was after we broke up that he really hurt me. He would say he wanted to work things out and that he would come over, and then would never show up. He started dating other girls consequently I started having weekly dates with alcohol. It got worse when I found out he slept with my best friend. I couldn’t stop drinking but I hid it so well not my friends or family knew how serious my problem was. I continued this for about a year but permanently stopped after I drank way too much, followed by a plethora of pills. Three days later, I woke up in the Bradley Center, and noticing how my family was distressed, hit me enough to recognize the type of person my ex proving that he didn’t care. One night, he called and said he was at a party and that he made a big mistake in letting me go and he still loved me and wanted to see me right away. I agreed to m... Free Essays on MY Epiphany Free Essays on MY Epiphany â€Å"My Epiphany† In my sixteen years, I’ve heard the saying â€Å"the truth hurts† more times than I can count. I agree with this statement, for I believe my greatest moment of truth caused me the greatest pain. This is when I realized that my first love was my worst love. Unfortunately, it took a year and a half to become conscious of this. Almost two years of good times and bad times, then finally, the event that led to my realization. I must confess the good times were worth remembering. I met him through friends of friends, while hanging out. Soon, we were a couple and no one ever saw us apart. He was really great; he got along with my entire family and spent almost every single moment of his free time with me. We went out for a year and a half and then broke up for such a ridiculous reason that I can’t even evoke what it was now. Sadly, it seems so much easier to remember the bad times. The only bad thing, I can call to mind that he did while we were going out, was occasionally tell me that I needed to lose weight or try to change me physically. However, it was after we broke up that he really hurt me. He would say he wanted to work things out and that he would come over, and then would never show up. He started dating other girls consequently I started having weekly dates with alcohol. It got worse when I found out he slept with my best friend. I couldn’t stop drinking but I hid it so well not my friends or family knew how serious my problem was. I continued this for about a year but permanently stopped after I drank way too much, followed by a plethora of pills. Three days later, I woke up in the Bradley Center, and noticing how my family was distressed, hit me enough to recognize the type of person my ex proving that he didn’t care. One night, he called and said he was at a party and that he made a big mistake in letting me go and he still loved me and wanted to see me right away. I agreed to m...

Nursing mental health evaluation of care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing mental health evaluation of care - Essay Example When asking questions related to the mental health of the patient, it is always best to have â€Å"a nonjudgmental, matter- of-fact approach† (Molony, 2003). In taking their history, the mental health professional and the various professionals should listen carefully to the patient. Prying too deeply into their lives should be avoided and information should not be forced out of patient. Information extracted should focus on what the patient is comfortable discussing. Many patients are reluctant to discuss their condition and to reveal information about their mental health because of the stigma associated with mental illness. Society often labels mentally ill patients as dangerous. Society has a picture of the mentally ill patient, and this image is often distorted and exaggerated. Mentally ill patients are often shunned from the rest of society for reasons which are often misguided. Lack of knowledge and enlightenment about mental illness on the part of the patient may also be attributed to limited information sharing on the part of the patient. Patients are mostly not aware that what they are feeling is attributable to some form of mental illness. In these instances, they do not exactly know which information indicative of mental illness they should share with their caregiver. For them, these are just feelings and emotions. To the enlightened medical personnel, these may be symptoms of an illness. In caring for the mentally ill patient, the medical personnel were able to ensure that history taking was taken in a non-judgmental, comfortable, and non-prying manner. Through a comfortable and subtle interview, the patient was able to open up about the events leading up to her suicide attempt. She was able to reveal information about her emotional state and other psychological conditions that reveal mental illness. As regards age factor, a study comparing older and younger mental health patients revealed that older patients are less

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example 03), Buchanan and Vanberg (1991), and Littlechild (1986) to conduct an in-depth study of three of the most fundamental processes of entrepreneurship namely the creation, recognition and the discovery of the opportunity. For the recognition of opportunity, an entrepreneur should know the nature of the situation at hand whereas the distinction between opportunity creation and discovery activates the entrepreneur’s ontological curiosity to question the existence of opportunity. Differentiating between the three distinct forms of the processes of entrepreneurship helps understanding the context i.e. opportunity recognition for the application of the typical understanding of risk and rationality. The author finds that several unexplored dimensions of the link between risk and rationality are reflected in the selected process of entrepreneurship, each of which is a potential area for conducting further research. Knight (1921) calls this true uncertainty. The author comments upon num erous aspects of the claims made by Knight (1921). The use of probability theory for framing the risky decisions precedes the precursors of Knight’s claims. Knight’s emphasis upon the link between rationality and decisions to maximize the results of the statistical probability is consistent with the thinking that cultivated in the age of the Enlightenment of Europe. The author finds that the conventional perspectives of the risk and rationality are based on a lot of restrictive assumptions that contrasts with the exploratory nature of the innovative processes. In the latter part of the research the author identifies the insinuations of the process-contingent trait of the risk and rationality. The author asserts that entrepreneurs frequently switch among different rationalities rather than sticking to a particular kind of rationality. Entrepreneurs display various rationalities contrary to the conventional understanding of the risk and rationality as the supporting fact ors of the

Platos and Aristotles Political Ideologies Essay

Platos and Aristotles Political Ideologies - Essay Example Aristotle, was more enticed in nature’s actual physical features, for the larger part the Natural Sciences. Aristotle is not concerned with perfecting the society. However, he rather focuses on enhancing the current one. Instead of producing a blueprint for the ideal society, he suggests in his book, The Politics, that the society should attain the best possible governing system that is attainable. Aristotle focuses on the ideals that are expressible in the form of laws, public opinion, and customs of the citizens of the actual states. These ideals are the materials by which politics must work with, seek to improve, and respect. In short, all that is needed is to improve the existing system. There are several divisions evident in contrast to the opinions of this two great thinkers. They primarily concern forms, eternal ideas, and causes and how they relate to change, and the role of observations and explanations using the senses. In their different ideologies regarding man’s nature, both Aristotle and Plato explained the relationship between the individual and the society, and furthermore the government’s requirement to maintain stability and order. Plato’s utopian state, which he refers in his book, The Republic, as the ‘Kallipolis’, and Aristotle’s ideal relationship concept between the government and the social order in an actual city-state contrast regardless of the end and purpose that they sought to attain, the telos Instead of the proposed manner by which they planned to reach the ‘telos.’

McDonalds Global Expansion

McDonalds Global Expansion Companies all over the globe are looking for expansion and ways of entering new markets which are profitable through different entry modes (Deresky, 2006). Managers look at different strategies that can be used to expand internationally (Deresky, 2006). There are many reasons for companies to go global or expand overseas. There are reactive and proactive reasons for the same. Increased global competition, customer needs, potential opportunities, declining foreign trade barriers, increasing expenses in domestic markets are some of the reactive reasons for companies going global. To achieve economies of scale, expanding base for growth and profits, cost savings, access to different resources are some of the proactive reasons for companies going global (Deresky, 2006). An example of a company which looked to expand beyond its borders is McDonalds, one of the most successful companies in terms of implying international strategies successfully. 2.0 Company Overview McDonalds, the most renowned fast food chain of the world, started in 1955 by a visionary named Raymond Kroc (McDonalds : The Ray Kroc Story, 2010-2011). Kroc played a significant role in revolutionizing the fast food industry in America and currently Mc Donalds is serving over 60 million customers in over 117 countries on a daily basis (McDonalds : The Ray Kroc Story, 2010-2011). The company has a global brand value and worldwide recognition. It is one of the most widely recognized icons of the world in the fast food restaurant industry. By reaching saturation levels in the United States, McDonalds looked to expand internationally amidst increasing regulations. But they approached with a strategy by controlling standardized products, clean and green environments and American origin. With experience, localization started increasing and the entire model was redone to appeal the localites of the foreign country. This strategy has been a turnaround point for McDonalds but it has thed potential of losing brand equity in the future (McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). Inspite of an American base, McDonalds respects the markets, cultures, beliefs and likings of other nations. Customers identify with the brand name and the Golden Arches are recognized not only in America but in foreign countries as well (McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). 4.1 Franchise Model: McDonalds franchising process is that of a strategic network (Hitt, et.al 2007). Around 85% of the restaurants are operated by franchisees. McDonalds follows a standardized set of procedures across all its restaurants in terms of quality, service, cleanliness and value propositions. Basically, the central control is in its headquarters where different financial and strategic controls are used to create value for the entire network (Hitt, et.al 2007). 5.0 Expansion Strategies in Different countries 1. CHINA: The strategy used by McDonalds in China is quite different from the way the restaurants are otherwise managed in the United States. The prime reason for the success of McDonalds in China is the involvement of McDonalds to adapt to Chinese Culture. Local people manage the operations in McDonalds in China, thereby reaching out in an easier way to the locals of the country. Additionally, the managements ability in Europe slowly changed the taste of the Asian consumers towards fast food which is an unusual aspect of the Chinese culture. Locals in China responded positively to the fast food concept of McDonalds thereby making the investment in China a successful one. Some of the other ways the approach in China was different as compared to the United States was that McDonalds customized the menu by adding teriyaki burger which gave locals the flavour of their native food taste (McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). Customization of products to suit local needs is a key factor that sh ould be considered in the global expansion plan. 2. South Africa: A relatively unique strategy has been used by McDonalds to serve customers where they can enjoy their meal while shopping and playing. This approach is used in highly populated areas with busy lifestyles of South Africa. Additionally, the drive-through approach works well in the South African region. Therefore, there are superior number of drive-through as compared to Australia and United States. This particular facility gives McDonalds an upper hand in South Africa. The base of the approach is to provide comfort to the customers in shopping malls, towns and other areas. Different marketing strategies are used to attract people from different sections of the society. The returns for McDonalds in South Africa have surpassed the initial targets of turnover and profits. With over 90 branches in South Africa, employment opportunities are high for local people and are expected to rise. Furthermore, McDonalds is currently using the vertical integration approach to improve its productivity with efficient software packages. All these factors contribute to the high revenues and with advanced software systems; the aim is to enhance bottom line as well ((McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). 3. Brazil: McDonalds opened its first branch in Brazil in 1979. The franchise model has been successfully used in Brazil and the management team has been praised for consistent performance and high standards of quality. One of the accolades received by McDonalds in Brazil is the Hallmark of Quality. One of the challenges that exist for McDonalds in Brazil is bankruptcy because of which it is difficult to meet the expenses on a monthly basis. Inspite of the fast growth in Brazil, franchisees have difficulty in reducing costs ((McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). 4. Saudi Arabia: Another example of adaptation to the local culture is the way McDonalds has managed the business in Saudi Arabia. McDonalds closes five times in the day for prayers and they do not serve pork to respect the Islamic culture in Saudi Arabia. There are some exclusive outlets of McDonalds in the Holy City of Makkah which serve to Muslim customers only with only Muslim staff in every department ((McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). 5. India: The approach to adapt locally to the country has been a highlight for McDonalds success. In India, the menu is highly customized to suit the Indian tastes and this justifies the inclusion of aloo tikki and paneer burgers. The Big Mac becomes Maharaja Mac in India and another highlight of the menu is having separate vegetarian kitchens with separate utensils and cooks. This feature has been particularly taken care off for making sure that the needs and requirements of the vegetarian population are fulfilled ((McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). 6.0 Organizational capabilities Organizational capabilities look at a firms ability to manage resources in order to gain sustainable competitive advantage (Hitt, et.al 2007). The internal analysis of the firm are carried out to understand its strengths and weaknesses either which are existing or are potentially going to exist in the future as compared to its competitors (Deresky, 2006). 6.1 Strengths of McDonalds 1. Adaptability: It is one of the major strengths of McDonalds. Customization of activities and menu to suit local needs is the single most factor contributing to its success. This takes care of blending with the local culture and values of the foreign country. McDonalds is an example of a company which is centralized in its core but still customizes the menu and the operational activities for local needs. 2. Innovation: With wide variety of options available from snack wraps to coffee to burgers to McCafe, McDonalds is very innovative with reference to its products. Also, the processes or the way every country operations are managed are innovative in a way that they are suited to fulfill the local needs. 3. Corporate Social Responsibility: McDonalds has programmes for having a better society. Some of the programmes they have are the greener than ever programme; recycle, renew programme; animal welfare program to name a few. McDonalds believes in having sustainable supply chain consisting of 3 ES: Ethical Responsibility, Environmental Responsibility and Economic Responsibility (Sustainable Supply Chain, 2010-2011). 4. Marketing: The McDonalds logo is a popular one amongst children and adults all across the globe. This compliments the marketing efforts which are carried out through market analysis thereby giving positive returns to McDonalds. 6.2 Weaknesses: 1. Customer Service: Long queues, insufficient employees at the counters are frustrating for customers and many times the employees are rude in terms of their behaviour with customers. 2. Currency fluctuations: When companies go global, there is always a risk associated with currencies as they keep fluctuating based on the markets. This can cause difference in planned returns for McDonalds. 3. Franchisees Challenges: There is an increase in the fee that franchisees have to pay to McDonalds thus resulting in selling of the businesses and dissatisfied franchisees. Additionally, it is important to understand the opportunities and threats that potentially exist for McDonalds to consolidate its global position in the fast food industry. 6.3 Opportunities: 1. Expansion: Even though it serves over 60 Million people on a daily basis that accounts for just about 1% of the worlds total population. There are a lot of emerging markets particularly in the BRIC countries such as Brazil, Russia, India and China. 2. Increase in fast food category: Based on statistics from Euromonitor, there is a growing demand for fast food. For example: In Australia, sales of fast food grew by 7% in terms of value in 2008 to reach A$ 10,921 Million. This demand is increasing due to stressful lifestyles and constant time pressures (Consumer lifestyles- Australia, 2009). 3. Growing need for drive through facilities: Drive through facilities is highly visible in South Africa. They can look at expanding these facilities in other parts of the world with dense populations. 6.4 Threats 1. Competition: With globalisation and increased number of companies looking to expand internationally, it is a challenge for McDonalds to keep up to or enhance its already existing powerful status in the market. 2. Unexpected circumstances: Uncertainties such as natural calamities, unexpected diseases can affect the smooth flow of activities for McDonalds in terms of procurement of goods and food contents which can decline the sales drastically. 7.0 Organizational Structure to support the international Strategy While understanding the organizational capabilities and the external environment, it is crucial to understand the organizational structure of McDonalds. McDonalds sets an exemplary example of a company which implements global strategy and a centralized organizational structure. With operations in over 120 countries and a huge number of 31,000 restaurants, McDonalds procures its food and packaging from the same set of suppliers. It shows the uniformity of a branch in United States and India. The decision making takes place centrally in the United States (Hebert, 2011). In terms of the way McDonalds organizational structure is oriented, it is relatively organized in terms of how the growth and expansion takes place internationally. But to fulfill the ever changing customer demands and customization strategies in every country, the structure needs to be a combination of centralized and decentralized forms. It also means the structure is relatively a mix of formal and informal forms which is quite a challenge to manage successfully. 8.0 Recommendations As described in the above sections, McDonalds has huge potential in global markets to venture out in different areas specially the BRIC countries. As these cities are the centre of research and growth opportunities, McDonalds should focus their internationalization in these areas much more than they are currently doing. McDonalds should focus on high and low areas of population, reaching out to more and more sections of the society. Joint ventures can be taken up with established companies in foreign countries with inclusions of coffee shops, bakery, internet access add-ons in all high profile metropolitan cities McDonalds currently have restaurants. For example in Germany, McDonalds has a tie up with T mobile for hot spots. McDonalds should work on increasing these facilities in a lot of high profile, metropolitan cities across the world. McDonalds can look at diversifying into other areas of food industry for example; McDonalds Hotel in Zurich is a distinctive venture. The road ahead for McDonalds should be to increase the nutritive value of the burgers and look at certain health aspects to control the increasing waistlines among children because of high consumption of fast foods especially burgers (Consumer lifestyles- Australia, 2009). They should look at improving their customer services at the counters by avoiding long queues and providing high levels of customer satisfaction. 9.0 CONCLUSION McDonalds is the number one brand in the fast food industry. They have successfully implemented international strategies where in they have used localization and customization processes to adapt to the foreign countries along with maintaining its American origin by having centralized procedures as well. The organizational structure is in sync with the strategy used by McDonalds to be ahead of its competitors. It is challenging for managers to consistently keep in pace with the right balance of centralizing and decentralizing the operations. Even though weaknesses and threats exist, the strengths and opportunities make it a strong player in the market in the fast food industry.

The Affects of Illage Chemical on The Human Body :: social issues

The Affects of Illage Chemical on The Human Body Marijuana is a popular, and illegal, drug. Its largest consumers are young adults. Marijuana is smoked in a pipe, bong, or rolled in a joint. Thirty-seven percent of people between ages 12-17 have tried marijuana. Marijuana gives a slight buzzing feeling of light-headedness. Experimentation with marijuana is dangerous because studies show that 60% of people who smoke marijuana on a regular basis move on to try harder drugs soon after. Marijuana tends to diminish the ambition and motivation in the user. In the long run, it may cause lung cancer and other respiratory problems. There is compelling medical evidence that marijuana smoking is more harmful than cigarette smoking.In addition, the main active chemical in marijuana produces has hallucinative effect when used in any amount. Marijuana has many effects on the human body. Nausea, headaches, dizziness, confusion, coughing, asthma, upper respiratory problems. Difficulty with short term memory during effects and during periods of frequent use, racing heart, agitation,tenseness, mild to severe anxiety panic attacks at very high doses by smoking. These may last for 1-6 weeks after cessation of use and can include anxiety, anhedonia headaches, general unease/discomfort, difficulty sleeping, and a desire to smoke pot. Cocaine is another popular, illegal, street drug. Cocaine is snorted or smoked as crack. A cheaper and, as a result of being so affordable, more addictive way. Cocaine gives the user a sense of well-being and extra energy. Cocaine is one of the most dangerous drugs. In 1995, over 500,000 emergency room accidents were cocaine related.Cocaine is one of the worst drugs because it causes respiratory illness and kills mucus membranes. Cocaine has the effects of physical, psycholgical, withdrawal, and overdose. The Physical effects are inceases heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. Increases the blood pressure, temp, pulse, and resp., dilates the pupils, decreased sleep and appetite, seizures, strokes, heart attacks, death. The Psycholgial effect is increases alertness, wakefulness, elevates the mood, mild to high degree of euphoria, increases athletic performance, decreases fatigue, clearer thinking, increases concentration, increases energy, increased irritability, insomnia, restlessness. With high doses may exhibit a pattern of psychosis with confused and disorganized behavior, irritability, fear, paranoia, hallucinations, may become extremely antisocial and aggressive. wirhdrawal symptoms Intense cravings, hunger, irritability, apathy, depression, paranoia, suicidal ideation, loss of sex drive, insomnia or excessive sleep. Often, more cocaine is taken to reduce these effects.