17c PAPER

17c PAPER 17c PAPER 4. If the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments guaranteed equal protection of the laws and the right to vote, why was a Civil Rights movement necessary in the 1950s and 1960s? What major factors and events led up to the Civil Rights movement and what were the gains and losses experienced by those participating in the movement? Gender and racial equality injustice in the United States against African Americans dates backs to long ago in the early colonization and building of the nation. After the Civil War, the United States underwent a Reconstruction Era in which the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments were added to the Constitution. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendment guaranteed African Americans equal protection under law and guaranteed him or her the right to vote but government authority lacked support and push to enforce these. The Civil Rights movement was necessary in order for African Americans to achieve equality within a white dominated society. Moreover, the Civil Rights movement served as a catalyst for African Americans to secure their political rights by gaining concrete legislation. Legislation in the Black community meant the support of both Congress and the President. African American perceived this support as a milestone because Congress and the President could enforce laws in favor of integration. African Americans viewed integration as the root to equality because integration meant that black citizens and white citizens would receive equal treatment and therefore the opportunity to pursue The Civil Rights movement was successful through political organizations, direct action protests and changing speeds at which presidents addressed inequality. During this time that dates back to the late 1800s, there was a lot of hostility in the South against the new politics and the Reconstruction providing opportunities for African Americans. Not all Southern Whites agreed with this and as a result, many angry men took part in horrifying acts such as lynching in great quantities. Founded as a way to defend African Americans that were tormented and a goal of actually securing constitutional rights identified in the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People comes together in 1909. The NAACP was and is still a major component of Civil Rights today. When it formed, the NAACP was able to identify and show this mistreatment and injustice that African Americans received on a day-to-day basis under a society that this. This political organization began in the 1900s and it persevered on for many years with strong beliefs in equal treatment, justice and liberty for all races. The Civil Rights movement began to become recognized once again in the mid 1950s. Civil Rights activism was still present between this time and the 1900s but with the conflicts between the United States among Nations, it was not until the Post Cold War era that the fight for justice and equality for colored was reborn. The Civil Rights reawakening happened with the Brown vs. Board of Education challenged the segregated schools in the South and the goal with this case was to let the states understand that doing this to there children, separating them based on race and color was unconstitutional and resisting. With the Brown vs. Board of Education case, the African American community was able to take the White Southern views of segregation in the state of Kansas and challenge them in Supreme Court. This case challenged the idea of gradualism because although the Amendments that protected all under the same equality, prevous presidents had had the mentality of letting the segregation slowly fribble away but it was seen here that some this idea would not work. The NAACP political organization strongly supported this as it had also began to breakdown and identify the racism and segregation found in schools and the Brown vs. Board of Education case seemed to be a

Free Essays on MY Epiphany

â€Å"My Epiphany† In my sixteen years, I’ve heard the saying â€Å"the truth hurts† more times than I can count. I agree with this statement, for I believe my greatest moment of truth caused me the greatest pain. This is when I realized that my first love was my worst love. Unfortunately, it took a year and a half to become conscious of this. Almost two years of good times and bad times, then finally, the event that led to my realization. I must confess the good times were worth remembering. I met him through friends of friends, while hanging out. Soon, we were a couple and no one ever saw us apart. He was really great; he got along with my entire family and spent almost every single moment of his free time with me. We went out for a year and a half and then broke up for such a ridiculous reason that I can’t even evoke what it was now. Sadly, it seems so much easier to remember the bad times. The only bad thing, I can call to mind that he did while we were going out, was occasionally tell me that I needed to lose weight or try to change me physically. However, it was after we broke up that he really hurt me. He would say he wanted to work things out and that he would come over, and then would never show up. He started dating other girls consequently I started having weekly dates with alcohol. It got worse when I found out he slept with my best friend. I couldn’t stop drinking but I hid it so well not my friends or family knew how serious my problem was. I continued this for about a year but permanently stopped after I drank way too much, followed by a plethora of pills. Three days later, I woke up in the Bradley Center, and noticing how my family was distressed, hit me enough to recognize the type of person my ex proving that he didn’t care. One night, he called and said he was at a party and that he made a big mistake in letting me go and he still loved me and wanted to see me right away. I agreed to m... Free Essays on MY Epiphany Free Essays on MY Epiphany â€Å"My Epiphany† In my sixteen years, I’ve heard the saying â€Å"the truth hurts† more times than I can count. I agree with this statement, for I believe my greatest moment of truth caused me the greatest pain. This is when I realized that my first love was my worst love. Unfortunately, it took a year and a half to become conscious of this. Almost two years of good times and bad times, then finally, the event that led to my realization. I must confess the good times were worth remembering. I met him through friends of friends, while hanging out. Soon, we were a couple and no one ever saw us apart. He was really great; he got along with my entire family and spent almost every single moment of his free time with me. We went out for a year and a half and then broke up for such a ridiculous reason that I can’t even evoke what it was now. Sadly, it seems so much easier to remember the bad times. The only bad thing, I can call to mind that he did while we were going out, was occasionally tell me that I needed to lose weight or try to change me physically. However, it was after we broke up that he really hurt me. He would say he wanted to work things out and that he would come over, and then would never show up. He started dating other girls consequently I started having weekly dates with alcohol. It got worse when I found out he slept with my best friend. I couldn’t stop drinking but I hid it so well not my friends or family knew how serious my problem was. I continued this for about a year but permanently stopped after I drank way too much, followed by a plethora of pills. Three days later, I woke up in the Bradley Center, and noticing how my family was distressed, hit me enough to recognize the type of person my ex proving that he didn’t care. One night, he called and said he was at a party and that he made a big mistake in letting me go and he still loved me and wanted to see me right away. I agreed to m...

Nursing mental health evaluation of care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Nursing mental health evaluation of care - Essay Example When asking questions related to the mental health of the patient, it is always best to have â€Å"a nonjudgmental, matter- of-fact approach† (Molony, 2003). In taking their history, the mental health professional and the various professionals should listen carefully to the patient. Prying too deeply into their lives should be avoided and information should not be forced out of patient. Information extracted should focus on what the patient is comfortable discussing. Many patients are reluctant to discuss their condition and to reveal information about their mental health because of the stigma associated with mental illness. Society often labels mentally ill patients as dangerous. Society has a picture of the mentally ill patient, and this image is often distorted and exaggerated. Mentally ill patients are often shunned from the rest of society for reasons which are often misguided. Lack of knowledge and enlightenment about mental illness on the part of the patient may also be attributed to limited information sharing on the part of the patient. Patients are mostly not aware that what they are feeling is attributable to some form of mental illness. In these instances, they do not exactly know which information indicative of mental illness they should share with their caregiver. For them, these are just feelings and emotions. To the enlightened medical personnel, these may be symptoms of an illness. In caring for the mentally ill patient, the medical personnel were able to ensure that history taking was taken in a non-judgmental, comfortable, and non-prying manner. Through a comfortable and subtle interview, the patient was able to open up about the events leading up to her suicide attempt. She was able to reveal information about her emotional state and other psychological conditions that reveal mental illness. As regards age factor, a study comparing older and younger mental health patients revealed that older patients are less

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Entrepreneurship - Essay Example 03), Buchanan and Vanberg (1991), and Littlechild (1986) to conduct an in-depth study of three of the most fundamental processes of entrepreneurship namely the creation, recognition and the discovery of the opportunity. For the recognition of opportunity, an entrepreneur should know the nature of the situation at hand whereas the distinction between opportunity creation and discovery activates the entrepreneur’s ontological curiosity to question the existence of opportunity. Differentiating between the three distinct forms of the processes of entrepreneurship helps understanding the context i.e. opportunity recognition for the application of the typical understanding of risk and rationality. The author finds that several unexplored dimensions of the link between risk and rationality are reflected in the selected process of entrepreneurship, each of which is a potential area for conducting further research. Knight (1921) calls this true uncertainty. The author comments upon num erous aspects of the claims made by Knight (1921). The use of probability theory for framing the risky decisions precedes the precursors of Knight’s claims. Knight’s emphasis upon the link between rationality and decisions to maximize the results of the statistical probability is consistent with the thinking that cultivated in the age of the Enlightenment of Europe. The author finds that the conventional perspectives of the risk and rationality are based on a lot of restrictive assumptions that contrasts with the exploratory nature of the innovative processes. In the latter part of the research the author identifies the insinuations of the process-contingent trait of the risk and rationality. The author asserts that entrepreneurs frequently switch among different rationalities rather than sticking to a particular kind of rationality. Entrepreneurs display various rationalities contrary to the conventional understanding of the risk and rationality as the supporting fact ors of the

Platos and Aristotles Political Ideologies Essay

Platos and Aristotles Political Ideologies - Essay Example Aristotle, was more enticed in nature’s actual physical features, for the larger part the Natural Sciences. Aristotle is not concerned with perfecting the society. However, he rather focuses on enhancing the current one. Instead of producing a blueprint for the ideal society, he suggests in his book, The Politics, that the society should attain the best possible governing system that is attainable. Aristotle focuses on the ideals that are expressible in the form of laws, public opinion, and customs of the citizens of the actual states. These ideals are the materials by which politics must work with, seek to improve, and respect. In short, all that is needed is to improve the existing system. There are several divisions evident in contrast to the opinions of this two great thinkers. They primarily concern forms, eternal ideas, and causes and how they relate to change, and the role of observations and explanations using the senses. In their different ideologies regarding man’s nature, both Aristotle and Plato explained the relationship between the individual and the society, and furthermore the government’s requirement to maintain stability and order. Plato’s utopian state, which he refers in his book, The Republic, as the ‘Kallipolis’, and Aristotle’s ideal relationship concept between the government and the social order in an actual city-state contrast regardless of the end and purpose that they sought to attain, the telos Instead of the proposed manner by which they planned to reach the ‘telos.’

McDonalds Global Expansion

McDonalds Global Expansion Companies all over the globe are looking for expansion and ways of entering new markets which are profitable through different entry modes (Deresky, 2006). Managers look at different strategies that can be used to expand internationally (Deresky, 2006). There are many reasons for companies to go global or expand overseas. There are reactive and proactive reasons for the same. Increased global competition, customer needs, potential opportunities, declining foreign trade barriers, increasing expenses in domestic markets are some of the reactive reasons for companies going global. To achieve economies of scale, expanding base for growth and profits, cost savings, access to different resources are some of the proactive reasons for companies going global (Deresky, 2006). An example of a company which looked to expand beyond its borders is McDonalds, one of the most successful companies in terms of implying international strategies successfully. 2.0 Company Overview McDonalds, the most renowned fast food chain of the world, started in 1955 by a visionary named Raymond Kroc (McDonalds : The Ray Kroc Story, 2010-2011). Kroc played a significant role in revolutionizing the fast food industry in America and currently Mc Donalds is serving over 60 million customers in over 117 countries on a daily basis (McDonalds : The Ray Kroc Story, 2010-2011). The company has a global brand value and worldwide recognition. It is one of the most widely recognized icons of the world in the fast food restaurant industry. By reaching saturation levels in the United States, McDonalds looked to expand internationally amidst increasing regulations. But they approached with a strategy by controlling standardized products, clean and green environments and American origin. With experience, localization started increasing and the entire model was redone to appeal the localites of the foreign country. This strategy has been a turnaround point for McDonalds but it has thed potential of losing brand equity in the future (McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). Inspite of an American base, McDonalds respects the markets, cultures, beliefs and likings of other nations. Customers identify with the brand name and the Golden Arches are recognized not only in America but in foreign countries as well (McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). 4.1 Franchise Model: McDonalds franchising process is that of a strategic network (Hitt, et.al 2007). Around 85% of the restaurants are operated by franchisees. McDonalds follows a standardized set of procedures across all its restaurants in terms of quality, service, cleanliness and value propositions. Basically, the central control is in its headquarters where different financial and strategic controls are used to create value for the entire network (Hitt, et.al 2007). 5.0 Expansion Strategies in Different countries 1. CHINA: The strategy used by McDonalds in China is quite different from the way the restaurants are otherwise managed in the United States. The prime reason for the success of McDonalds in China is the involvement of McDonalds to adapt to Chinese Culture. Local people manage the operations in McDonalds in China, thereby reaching out in an easier way to the locals of the country. Additionally, the managements ability in Europe slowly changed the taste of the Asian consumers towards fast food which is an unusual aspect of the Chinese culture. Locals in China responded positively to the fast food concept of McDonalds thereby making the investment in China a successful one. Some of the other ways the approach in China was different as compared to the United States was that McDonalds customized the menu by adding teriyaki burger which gave locals the flavour of their native food taste (McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). Customization of products to suit local needs is a key factor that sh ould be considered in the global expansion plan. 2. South Africa: A relatively unique strategy has been used by McDonalds to serve customers where they can enjoy their meal while shopping and playing. This approach is used in highly populated areas with busy lifestyles of South Africa. Additionally, the drive-through approach works well in the South African region. Therefore, there are superior number of drive-through as compared to Australia and United States. This particular facility gives McDonalds an upper hand in South Africa. The base of the approach is to provide comfort to the customers in shopping malls, towns and other areas. Different marketing strategies are used to attract people from different sections of the society. The returns for McDonalds in South Africa have surpassed the initial targets of turnover and profits. With over 90 branches in South Africa, employment opportunities are high for local people and are expected to rise. Furthermore, McDonalds is currently using the vertical integration approach to improve its productivity with efficient software packages. All these factors contribute to the high revenues and with advanced software systems; the aim is to enhance bottom line as well ((McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). 3. Brazil: McDonalds opened its first branch in Brazil in 1979. The franchise model has been successfully used in Brazil and the management team has been praised for consistent performance and high standards of quality. One of the accolades received by McDonalds in Brazil is the Hallmark of Quality. One of the challenges that exist for McDonalds in Brazil is bankruptcy because of which it is difficult to meet the expenses on a monthly basis. Inspite of the fast growth in Brazil, franchisees have difficulty in reducing costs ((McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). 4. Saudi Arabia: Another example of adaptation to the local culture is the way McDonalds has managed the business in Saudi Arabia. McDonalds closes five times in the day for prayers and they do not serve pork to respect the Islamic culture in Saudi Arabia. There are some exclusive outlets of McDonalds in the Holy City of Makkah which serve to Muslim customers only with only Muslim staff in every department ((McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). 5. India: The approach to adapt locally to the country has been a highlight for McDonalds success. In India, the menu is highly customized to suit the Indian tastes and this justifies the inclusion of aloo tikki and paneer burgers. The Big Mac becomes Maharaja Mac in India and another highlight of the menu is having separate vegetarian kitchens with separate utensils and cooks. This feature has been particularly taken care off for making sure that the needs and requirements of the vegetarian population are fulfilled ((McDonalds Fact File 2007, 2007). 6.0 Organizational capabilities Organizational capabilities look at a firms ability to manage resources in order to gain sustainable competitive advantage (Hitt, et.al 2007). The internal analysis of the firm are carried out to understand its strengths and weaknesses either which are existing or are potentially going to exist in the future as compared to its competitors (Deresky, 2006). 6.1 Strengths of McDonalds 1. Adaptability: It is one of the major strengths of McDonalds. Customization of activities and menu to suit local needs is the single most factor contributing to its success. This takes care of blending with the local culture and values of the foreign country. McDonalds is an example of a company which is centralized in its core but still customizes the menu and the operational activities for local needs. 2. Innovation: With wide variety of options available from snack wraps to coffee to burgers to McCafe, McDonalds is very innovative with reference to its products. Also, the processes or the way every country operations are managed are innovative in a way that they are suited to fulfill the local needs. 3. Corporate Social Responsibility: McDonalds has programmes for having a better society. Some of the programmes they have are the greener than ever programme; recycle, renew programme; animal welfare program to name a few. McDonalds believes in having sustainable supply chain consisting of 3 ES: Ethical Responsibility, Environmental Responsibility and Economic Responsibility (Sustainable Supply Chain, 2010-2011). 4. Marketing: The McDonalds logo is a popular one amongst children and adults all across the globe. This compliments the marketing efforts which are carried out through market analysis thereby giving positive returns to McDonalds. 6.2 Weaknesses: 1. Customer Service: Long queues, insufficient employees at the counters are frustrating for customers and many times the employees are rude in terms of their behaviour with customers. 2. Currency fluctuations: When companies go global, there is always a risk associated with currencies as they keep fluctuating based on the markets. This can cause difference in planned returns for McDonalds. 3. Franchisees Challenges: There is an increase in the fee that franchisees have to pay to McDonalds thus resulting in selling of the businesses and dissatisfied franchisees. Additionally, it is important to understand the opportunities and threats that potentially exist for McDonalds to consolidate its global position in the fast food industry. 6.3 Opportunities: 1. Expansion: Even though it serves over 60 Million people on a daily basis that accounts for just about 1% of the worlds total population. There are a lot of emerging markets particularly in the BRIC countries such as Brazil, Russia, India and China. 2. Increase in fast food category: Based on statistics from Euromonitor, there is a growing demand for fast food. For example: In Australia, sales of fast food grew by 7% in terms of value in 2008 to reach A$ 10,921 Million. This demand is increasing due to stressful lifestyles and constant time pressures (Consumer lifestyles- Australia, 2009). 3. Growing need for drive through facilities: Drive through facilities is highly visible in South Africa. They can look at expanding these facilities in other parts of the world with dense populations. 6.4 Threats 1. Competition: With globalisation and increased number of companies looking to expand internationally, it is a challenge for McDonalds to keep up to or enhance its already existing powerful status in the market. 2. Unexpected circumstances: Uncertainties such as natural calamities, unexpected diseases can affect the smooth flow of activities for McDonalds in terms of procurement of goods and food contents which can decline the sales drastically. 7.0 Organizational Structure to support the international Strategy While understanding the organizational capabilities and the external environment, it is crucial to understand the organizational structure of McDonalds. McDonalds sets an exemplary example of a company which implements global strategy and a centralized organizational structure. With operations in over 120 countries and a huge number of 31,000 restaurants, McDonalds procures its food and packaging from the same set of suppliers. It shows the uniformity of a branch in United States and India. The decision making takes place centrally in the United States (Hebert, 2011). In terms of the way McDonalds organizational structure is oriented, it is relatively organized in terms of how the growth and expansion takes place internationally. But to fulfill the ever changing customer demands and customization strategies in every country, the structure needs to be a combination of centralized and decentralized forms. It also means the structure is relatively a mix of formal and informal forms which is quite a challenge to manage successfully. 8.0 Recommendations As described in the above sections, McDonalds has huge potential in global markets to venture out in different areas specially the BRIC countries. As these cities are the centre of research and growth opportunities, McDonalds should focus their internationalization in these areas much more than they are currently doing. McDonalds should focus on high and low areas of population, reaching out to more and more sections of the society. Joint ventures can be taken up with established companies in foreign countries with inclusions of coffee shops, bakery, internet access add-ons in all high profile metropolitan cities McDonalds currently have restaurants. For example in Germany, McDonalds has a tie up with T mobile for hot spots. McDonalds should work on increasing these facilities in a lot of high profile, metropolitan cities across the world. McDonalds can look at diversifying into other areas of food industry for example; McDonalds Hotel in Zurich is a distinctive venture. The road ahead for McDonalds should be to increase the nutritive value of the burgers and look at certain health aspects to control the increasing waistlines among children because of high consumption of fast foods especially burgers (Consumer lifestyles- Australia, 2009). They should look at improving their customer services at the counters by avoiding long queues and providing high levels of customer satisfaction. 9.0 CONCLUSION McDonalds is the number one brand in the fast food industry. They have successfully implemented international strategies where in they have used localization and customization processes to adapt to the foreign countries along with maintaining its American origin by having centralized procedures as well. The organizational structure is in sync with the strategy used by McDonalds to be ahead of its competitors. It is challenging for managers to consistently keep in pace with the right balance of centralizing and decentralizing the operations. Even though weaknesses and threats exist, the strengths and opportunities make it a strong player in the market in the fast food industry.

The Affects of Illage Chemical on The Human Body :: social issues

The Affects of Illage Chemical on The Human Body Marijuana is a popular, and illegal, drug. Its largest consumers are young adults. Marijuana is smoked in a pipe, bong, or rolled in a joint. Thirty-seven percent of people between ages 12-17 have tried marijuana. Marijuana gives a slight buzzing feeling of light-headedness. Experimentation with marijuana is dangerous because studies show that 60% of people who smoke marijuana on a regular basis move on to try harder drugs soon after. Marijuana tends to diminish the ambition and motivation in the user. In the long run, it may cause lung cancer and other respiratory problems. There is compelling medical evidence that marijuana smoking is more harmful than cigarette smoking.In addition, the main active chemical in marijuana produces has hallucinative effect when used in any amount. Marijuana has many effects on the human body. Nausea, headaches, dizziness, confusion, coughing, asthma, upper respiratory problems. Difficulty with short term memory during effects and during periods of frequent use, racing heart, agitation,tenseness, mild to severe anxiety panic attacks at very high doses by smoking. These may last for 1-6 weeks after cessation of use and can include anxiety, anhedonia headaches, general unease/discomfort, difficulty sleeping, and a desire to smoke pot. Cocaine is another popular, illegal, street drug. Cocaine is snorted or smoked as crack. A cheaper and, as a result of being so affordable, more addictive way. Cocaine gives the user a sense of well-being and extra energy. Cocaine is one of the most dangerous drugs. In 1995, over 500,000 emergency room accidents were cocaine related.Cocaine is one of the worst drugs because it causes respiratory illness and kills mucus membranes. Cocaine has the effects of physical, psycholgical, withdrawal, and overdose. The Physical effects are inceases heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. Increases the blood pressure, temp, pulse, and resp., dilates the pupils, decreased sleep and appetite, seizures, strokes, heart attacks, death. The Psycholgial effect is increases alertness, wakefulness, elevates the mood, mild to high degree of euphoria, increases athletic performance, decreases fatigue, clearer thinking, increases concentration, increases energy, increased irritability, insomnia, restlessness. With high doses may exhibit a pattern of psychosis with confused and disorganized behavior, irritability, fear, paranoia, hallucinations, may become extremely antisocial and aggressive. wirhdrawal symptoms Intense cravings, hunger, irritability, apathy, depression, paranoia, suicidal ideation, loss of sex drive, insomnia or excessive sleep. Often, more cocaine is taken to reduce these effects.

Barriers to Receiving Help

One of the most common social issues that need to be addressed is the abuse directed against women, specifically of married women who fall under the status of battered wives. â€Å"Battered wives† are those women who endured physical abuse by their husbands. For most of the cases, battered women suffered from verbal, emotional and physical abuse. In such a scenario, there is a high possibility that their lives and those of their children are in danger. There is a need then for â€Å"battered wives† to ask for help from outside sources.However, like all other social problems facing modern society, there are internal and external barriers that interfere in the provision of effective help. Discussion Wife battering is a domestic violence prevalent in many households today. According to Schechter in his book A Framework for Understanding and Empowering Battered Women published in 1988 about one out of twenty-six American wives get beaten by their husbands every year, or a t otal of almost 1. 8 million per year† (p. 40 ).Although it involves only between husbands and wife in a family framework, interference from friends and relatives as well as the government social agencies is of necessity for the woman’s life, and perhaps of his children, may be at risks. Major researches since the early 1980’s had claimed that children exposed to marital violence had higher levels of psychological problems (Roberts, 172, 1996). A. Internal Barriers There are six common internal barriers that prevent battered wives from seeking help. 1.Wife blames herself for the violence There are wives who believed that they were the cause of the violence. In other words, they think they deserved to be hit or beaten because of something that they had or had not done. This is especially prevalent for women whose husbands kept on telling them that the reason they were beaten was because they did not clean the house enough, their cooking skills were â€Å"terribleà ¢â‚¬ , they had disobeyed him or that they were stupid for forgetting to do something that should have been done out of â€Å"common sense†.Oftentimes, when the abusive husbands are generally regarded as a good friend or good leader by his peers, battered wives will tend to believe all the more that the fault is on them. These wives are haunted with guilt and find it fitting to fix the problem by themselves ( Schwartz, 2007). 2. Wife’s financial and companionship dependence on husband Some abused wives stay at home as a fulltime wife and mother which means that they and their children are totally financially dependent on their husband for economic survival.If they do decide to leave, they think they will not be able to make it (Schwartz, 2007). Aside from their financial need, some wives were led to believe by their abusive husbands that there would be no other man who will be interested to take her if she would decide to leave him. This is a very effective tactic for women who have poor self-esteem. They fear the prospect of facing the future alone and would therefore stay with their violent spouses. 3. Wife believed husband’s promises to reformIn some cases, husbands who beat their wives will later tell their wives that they regretted what they had done and that the truth is â€Å"he loved her and promised that he will reform or that it will never happen again†. Women who still think they love their husbands would readily fall to this trap, hoping that it was the last beating or that their husbands will change in the future. This situation may go on for years especially if the cycle of violence happens between long intervals (Schwartz, 2007). 4. Wife believed her children needs their fatherWomen will sometimes not seek help from outside sources for fear this may aggravate the problem, anger her husband and would be the cause that he will leave her or that she and her children had to be advised to leave. Some women would not want an â€Å"absentee† father as she may thinks that her children needs him (Schwartz, 2007). 5. Wife believed the authorities cannot help Some â€Å"battered wives† may not actually believe that the authorities will be able to help them but will in fact, make a public spectacle of their suffering.They fear they may not be able to win the case and send their abusive husbands to jail. If such a case happens, her angry husband, who had now become more violent for disgracing his name, will still be able to harm her. 6. Fear of Husband’s threats Abusive husbands successfully prevent their wives from seeking help from authorities due to threats. They usually threatens to kill their wives , run after her wherever she may go, and if she seeks help from her friends or family he will also consume them with his wrath.The threats may sound fearful and convincing if the wives knew that their husbands had some form of criminal record or that he is using drugs ( Roberts, 189, 199 6). A. External Barriers â€Å"Battered wives† can ask for help from outside sources such as family, police and other legal authorities, therapists/psychologists, social workers, doctors as well as various community services and agencies. However, seeking outside help may not be such an inviting option for them due to the following external barriers: 1. Inability of the court to respond immediately to the problemSome appropriate authorities such as judges, trial court administrators, case managers and police may minimize certain cases of domestic violence as just a form of a lover’s quarrel would therefore discourage supposedly â€Å"battered wives† to follow through with their criminal or civil complaints. They may advise the victim to settle the conflict with their spouses by themselves (Roberts, 96, 1996). The court may also be overloaded with many legal concerns, the staff may not be adequate and the judges overworked, especially in large cities, so that it failed to promptly schedule a hearing and trial date.As a result, the victims get tired of waiting and went back to live with their abusive husbands. Oftentimes, when trial did arrive, women would usually recant their testimony (as husband was given the ample time to harass or manipulate her). This had actually happened to Mabely Lugo who recanted her accusations against her professional baseball player husband Julio Lugo by telling the police that he did not mean to hurt him(Parameswaran, 2007). 2. Friend’s does not want to interfere with the â€Å"problems† at homeFriends approached by the victim may feel that they do not have the right to interfere with domestic affairs and encourage the wife to make necessary changes so that her husband will not beat her up again (Roberts, 235, 1996). The wife may then get discouraged in sharing her problems to others and would eventually keep her suffering to herself. 3. No appropriate place to go to There are cases that battered women need to flee from their violent husbands but there were no safe places to go. Some areas may not have shelter homes from which they can run for protection.And if shelter houses were in existence, there were no adequate provisions and funding that will sustain their temporary stay. 6. Lack of Counselors and social workers Government agencies may not be able to provide the victims with necessary counseling and mental therapy to help them understand the situation, to help them assess their options and to help them gain the strength and stamina to stand by their decision if they do decide to leave their husbands for good or to file criminal complaints.Battered women are mostly confused, emotionally as well as psychologically traumatized and may not be able to make concrete wise decisions (Roberts, 188, 196). II. Potential Solutions to the Problems Women who are battered should not be silent. They should remember that no one has the right to hurt and abuse them either physically, v erbally or emotionally. To counteract internal barriers, the women should be educated with regards to the psychology of abuse and its consequences. Shelter homes are a very good potential solution to fighting off internal and external barriers for the victim.It must be safe (violent husband are kept out), with good provisions and adequate counseling programs. One good feature would be teaching women skills that would ready them for outside job when they eventually leave the shelter homes and support themselves. Educational programs should be funded by the government. I think the women should be kept for a certain longer period in the shelter homes( depending on the assessment of counselors ) just enough for them to gain self-esteem, skills and a new love for life!Counseling and therapy will be very helpful to restore their confidence but I think they should also keep in touch with their spiritual lives. Adequate legal professionals must also be provided for free for the victims. The se legal authorities should understand the gravity of wife battering for though the physical manifestation may be minor, these women may be falling apart psychologically. III. Conclusion The social problem of wife battering should not be look upon as minor phenomena.In this problem, the physical violence may only be a physical manifestation of the cruelty, verbal and emotional abuses practiced at home. The children may be at risks, too. But wives do not seek help due to their own particular internal and external barriers. These barriers must be overcome by education, counseling, prompt assistance of legal and police authorities and provision of shelter homes. References 1. Parameswaran, Lakshmy. (2007). Battered Wives Often Recant or Assume Blame. Women's eNews Inc. Retrieved January 14, 2008 from http://www. womensenews. org/article.cfm/dyn/aid/1468 2. Roberts, Albert R(ed. ). (1996). Helping Battered Women: New Perspectives and Remedies. New York: Oxford University Press. Place of Publication: New York. 3. Schechter, Susan and Gary, Lisa T. (1988). â€Å"A Framework for Understanding and Empowering Battered Women†. Abuse and Victimization across the Life Span, Baltimore: John Hopkins UP. 4. Schwartz, Dianne. (2007). Abusive Lies & Battered Wives. Innerself Publications.. Retrieved January 14, 2008 from http://innerself. ca/html/relationships/divorce–separation/abusive-lies–battered-wives. html

The Elusive Ellipsis

The Elusive Ellipsis The Elusive Ellipsis The Elusive Ellipsis By Sharon The ellipsis seems to be one of the most alluring punctuation symbols, and I see it misused everywhere. From student papers to billboards to everyday e-mails and chat logs, the ellipsis is tossed in willy-nilly and often extends to four, five, or even six dots. I have to tell you, an extended ellipsis is just a bunch of dots. The ellipsis- three consecutive dots- serves some specific purposes in writing. If used correctly, an ellipsis can be quite effective, if not, it can be downright confusing. Some of the right ways to use an ellipsis include (see that, it works!): 1. The intentional omission of words All employers must honor the minimum wage requirement. The original sentence read: All employers must honor the minimum wage requirement or risk paying a fine. 2. A pause in speech â€Å"I think I just got an interview!† 3. An unfinished thought Now, where on earth did I put that? 4. A sentence that trails into silence I thought you might say that. Pay special attention to an ellipsis that ends a sentence. It is the only time you should include four dots since the final dot serves as the period at the end of the sentence. Stay tuned for a post about the correct use of the ellipsis in quoted sentences. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Wether, Weather, WhetherItalicizing Foreign WordsThe Difference Between "Un-" and "Dis-"

Listening and Perception Essays

Listening and Perception Essays Listening and Perception Essay Listening and Perception Essay Listening and Perception 2 We humans are different and unique. We can see these differences in everything we do and create. Interestedly we have a variety of views and concepts in very little or insignificant aspects of our daily living. Members of the same family can have a personal interpretation of what they considered best for society. For this reason we had to find ways to resolve conflict and manage situations, in order to live a more productive life with the less conflict possible. For my assignment I contacted five persons three of them were of Hispanic background. One of them was a white person and the other one an African American. I showed them the picture and all were kind to accept to help me with the assignment. They all had similar descriptions and also very different words to qualify the work to be done. They all agreed that the picture portrait a male, of middle age from African American background. The first traits that came to people’s perception were those that had to do with the physical appearance of the male in the photograph. Those traits that describe best the person were those who define the individual with his color of skin, his age, his complexity, his gender; then they describe, what was the perception they had; due to what the individual was doing on the ground. And finally they tried to guess what he was doing in that position. What they saw was determinant to make a description of the man in the picture. When we gather some information about a person; or a situation whatsoever, one can formulate a Listening and Perception 3 ight or wrong comment or decision of the individual or situation we encounter. A lot of people have a tendency of talking too quick to make a statement without analyzing the situation; and at this point the process of communication becomes unclear or lead to misunderstandings. We need to be careful when we are exercising our judgment. We need to analyze all situations before making a statement. Once the words have come out is Impossible to take them back. Most of interpersonal relations get affected for what we say or what we see. We must be prudent before stating our views. What it was particularly interesting is how different perceptions people have in trying to interpret a situation: in the picture when looking at the man sitting on the ground; some people describe him as relax, waiting for somebody or the bus, while others picture him as being homeless without hope disconnected from reality. I can say that they made this choices because they saw somebody in jeans and t-shirt and sneakers the way he dress; plus the attitude of being alone looking to the side make people think he had no home no food, and was moving his head around randomly with no hurry. We can all of us be wrong at least we know for sure what and why he was doing at that precise moment. Certainly the only one who can really depict his situation without fault is the individual himself. In my view gender was the reason why my observers made their choice, I noticed that the women were looking differently the picture; than the men. Women looked more at the traits of this person while the men looked more at what he was doing. Women found the man Listening and Perception 4 trong and athletic while the men found him more like a construction guy, a homeless, skinny individual. The women observers look at this man age and complexity, while the men found him more like without future or lost. I am glad of the outcome of this exercise because by choosing two women and three men I found the similarities and differences in the two genders. But the one trait that it was common to most of them was relax, and observing, this could be to the fact that the picture shows him seated, an d looking at something or somebody. The different perceptions I found in this process by my friends could alter the reality of who is really this person, and what is he doing at this particular moment when the shot was taken. How after analyzing this picture can we come out with an accurate description of this person that could be anyone of us trying to get a little warm on a beautiful spring day? Situations like this one arise every day in our society, with our friend and with our family. I remember the case of a teenager being shot by a police officer because the police thought the teen had a gun. There are many cases of mistaken identity where innocent people had to pay for somebody else mistake. We can also recall the jealous husband who killed his wife because she was talking to a stranger. It is imperative that we use a fair assessment of any circumstance before we can come out with a conclusion. To me is good that we come out with different ideas about somebody or a situation; why? Because if I am wrong I could see what is the real truth. It is sane to know that we can be wrong about something or someone. We need to give the benefit of the doubt to anybody regardless of what we think. Most people today don’t want Listening and Perception 5 to exercise this way of thinking; because they don’t really care about somebody else feelings. The less we learn from people or circumstances the more we make mistakes or false judgments to others. To excel in communication we need to understand all process of good Communication skills and improve all theories of the art of Communication. References: Communication in a Changing World 2nd Edition Walden University Comm_1001_photo . jpg www. Sylvan. live. college. com

Study Of The Development Of Modernity Through A Tanzanian Sandal Pair Research Paper

Study Of The Development Of Modernity Through A Tanzanian Sandal Pair - Research Paper Example An item made at a particular time contains characteristics and information about that time. There is always some inherent meaning to every item. As stated above, most communities especially Africans used art and art-like items to preserve historical information. This kind of item arrived in Africa during the 13th century. During this time, the ocean and water bodies were the main ways of doing international trade. Islamic religion had been established along the coastal region. It can be said that the inherent meaning of this item was to depict trade as a form of modernization. People were able to obtain new ideas from other places and use the ideas in conjunction with their knowledge to make improvements. According to information from the museum, Islam was a religion that was manifested not only in the way of life but also using architecture and art. This particular item could symbolize the effect of Islam and also the exchange of ideas through trade. Sandals were made even before the 13th century, but this is a sandal that used the available materials to come up with something creative. Previously, sandals were made using leather, but this item is unique in that they used ivory and wood. Tanzanian sandal pair was also prepared in such a way that it too looks like an exaggerated footprint. What could be termed as very unique in this pair of sandals is that it helped in spreading and ensuring the sustenance of Islam in an object of adornment. This was important because of the pastoralist lifestyle of African people.the East African people; they had to keep moving in search of animal pasture so the architecture was not a good way of sustaining the Islamic figurative expressions. Every piece of item mostly has a hidden meaning to it. It is created to convey a

Assignment 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Assignment 6 - Essay Example We look to interpret that change in behavior and form an analysis based on our reading. For so many years that humans have evolved, they have become masters in reading their fellow beings behavior (Norman, 2004). We definitely need to take people’s feelings seriously especially as a producer or designer. A producer must keep in mind his consumers when producing something. If the product is well designed and everything works as expected from the product, then there will be a positive response coming out of consumers. They might add it as part of their daily, weekly or monthly purchase depending upon its usage and durability. On the other hand, if a product turns out to be undesirable or not what it promised, then there is a high possibility that the consumers might take out their frustration on it. It is very easy to blame the product if it does not meet out the requirement so the designer must consider people’s feeling before putting his heart and soul solely on the pro duct (Norman, 2004). Norman is of the opinion that machines in the future will need social interaction and a network of communication to get the job done. He is of course not kidding and why would he if he thinks that machines can perform faster and better with interaction among themselves. If they could be programmed to coordinate like human beings, then I think machines can do a better job simply because they do not fatigue out. They can continuously work for longer hours without any rest. To be honest, they do not even need lunch and tea breaks. It is a very good idea to make them work independently, without humans operating them. More and more machines and robots are being deployed to work in organizations, and it would be so much easier if these robots are made to communicate without a helping hand from us. Robots are now being used in dangerous jobs like fire fighting and in military for war purposes. Apart from this they are also used for house cleaning, delivering letters an d washing cars. Their role is expanding and to make way for them we need to program them with emotions. We need to make them wary of what basic emotions like pain are. We would not want to see them bumping to cars or people every now and then if we want to introduce them freely in this world. When they know what pain is they will automatically look to avoid smashing into things for their and our sake. I totally agree with Norman when he says that we could slowly distribute or install emotions in them. It is going to be a step by step process; for example, in the initial stage they could be taught what fear, satisfaction after achieving a certain goal, consistency in maintaining their work and obedience to their owners. Emotional interaction with robots will also give us an opportunity to know them better. We could penetrate if they are happy with their work or not, making progress or having difficulties. Then we could treat them according to their mood. We could also know what motiv ates them and reward them to work better and faster. There is so much room for improvement and with the pace science is making progress I believe one day robots will be a household name. The sooner we plan the better it is (Norman, 2004) 2. Witthower has been exemplary in his work on the iPod and the iPod’s implications. It looks like he has not missed a single point on the subject. It’s not only detailed, but it is also one of the most organized books to read. The book